Reference Toolbox – Wineries Sales & Tasting Room
DIRECT TO CONSUMER SALES (DTC)
In the U.S., each state has the authority to regulate the production, sale, and distribution of alcohol within its borders. This means state and local jurisdictions may have their own requirements in addition to federal requirements. State laws and regulations vary widely from state to state, and may be more restrictive than federal regulations. You must meet all state and local requirements in any state where you plan to do business (unless federal law preempts the state law). If you plan to do business in a state, you must contact the appropriate authorities for more information about the state and local requirements.
The Liquor Law Repeal and Enforcement Act, also referred to as the Webb-Kenyon Act, which the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) administers, prohibits shipments of alcohol beverages from one state into another state in violation of any law of the receiving state. We want to remind industry members who engage in direct shipping that they are responsible for remaining in compliance with current State rules. Furthermore, industry members should remember that their federal basic permits could be at risk if they fail to comply with state rules. TTB provides contacts of alcohol beverage authorities to ensure compliance with state and local regulations. The California Wine Institute and ShipCompliant have partnered to provide accurate details and documents for compliant direct-to-consumer wine shipments in each state. The State Shipping Laws for Wineries Portal on California Wine Institute's website is powered by ShipCompliant and continuously updated—through a joint effort—to stay current as a foremost source of accurate direct shipping compliance information for wineries. Consult the ShipCompliant 2019 Direct to Consumer Report for the latest trends in the DTC market.
Another resource on Domestic and International wine shipping, is a presentation from FedEx specialists on D2C Shipping and common carrier compliance for Domestic and International shipping, a discussion of the processes in shipping direct to consumer; abiding by state regulations; and what common carriers are doing to help with that. The webinar will provide wineries with tools to help ensure positive business growth through enhanced knowledge of direct to consumer shipping including tools and resources available to all wineries. View the webinar or the presentation to learn more.
California BPA Warning: On August 30, 2018, newly-amended Prop 65 warning regulations go into effect that apply to any winery with more than 9 employees that sells and ships their products to consumers in California. If your packaging contains BPA (check with the suppliers of your packaging), a Prop 65 warning statement has to be placed on the outside or inside the box where California consumers can easily see and read the statements before they consume the product. The warning must also be included on websites for any purchases that California consumers make online. If you have a confirmation letter from your suppliers that your product does not contain BPA, you must still include a warning statement on your website. In addition an alcohol warning statement must be included with all shipments and on your website. Read this article from Compli to learn more.
- 2019 Direct to Consumer Report
- FedEx DTC Shipping and Compliance Presentation and Webinar
- Compli: California DTC shipments must include Prop 65 warnings effective August 30th
As an Oregon Winegrowers Association member, you're entitled to significant savings on select FedEx® shipping services. You also benefit from more than a decade of experience and expertise in wine shipping. As an added bonus, you can save 67% on the Adult Signature Required (ASR) Fee with your Oregon Winegrowers Association membership. You may also be able to save an additional 2% on FedEx Express and FedEx Ground shipments if you average more than $20,000 in annual shipping with FedEx. FedEx also offers a cold storage shipping option.
DISTRIBUTION
The three-tier system of alcohol distribution is the system for distributing alcoholic beverages set up in the U.S. after the repeal of Prohibition. The three tiers are importer or producers, distributors, and retailers. As a general recommendation, always do your homework before working with a distribution partner. Also, be aware of state alcohol franchise laws as they can supersede contract provisions. Davis Wright Tremaine has created a checklist of things to consider when creating a wine distributor contract. The Oregon Wine Board has several videos of recorded seminars on distribution basics and on premise distribution. You can find more videos from OWB by visiting its industry website resources page.
Self-distribution refers to the ability of a winery to act as its own wholesaler by selling directly to retail and restaurant accounts. Each state has its own rules regarding self-distribution. States that allow self-distribution and the rules that allow a winery to do so are referenced in the resource below from the California Wine Institute.
FOOD SERVICE
Senate Bill 841, enacted in 2013, established new rules governing food service at permitted use wineries in exclusive farm use and mixed farm-forest zones. A permitted use winery must have at least 15 planted vineyard acres onsite, and abide by certain limitations on wine production and commercial activities. The food service rules in SB 841 do not apply directly to conditional use wineries and counties have discretion to impose a range of food service conditions on these wineries. Restaurants are still allowed at large wineries.
The food service provisions of SB 841 are intended to allow permitted use wineries to pair food with wine to enhance wine appreciation and to ensure responsible alcohol service. SB 841 prohibits a permitted use winery from operating as a restaurant and food service provisions are tied to the marketing and event privileges provided for in SB 841. SB 841 allows wineries to conduct a range of marketing activities including, for example, “wine tastings” and “winemaker dinners and luncheons.” Wineries may also host charitable events and a limited number of commercial events such as weddings.
However, the gross income of the winery from the sale of incidental items or services (including food service) may not exceed 25% of the gross income from the on-site retail sale of wine produced in conjunction with the winery. The gross income of a winery does not include income received by third parties unaffiliated with the winery. At the request of a local government, a winery must submit to the local government a written statement that is prepared by a certified public accountant and certifies the compliance of the winery with the 25% income limitation for the previous tax year.
For more information consult these resources:
Self-distribution refers to the ability of a winery to act as its own wholesaler by selling directly to retail and restaurant accounts. Each state has its own rules regarding self-distribution. States that allow self-distribution and the rules that allow a winery to do so are referenced in the resource below from the California Wine Institute.
Because food preparation is allowed for marketing and events, a winery may have a commercial-type kitchen. The Oregon Dept. of Agriculture (ODA) and the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) have a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) related to licensing and inspecting combination facilities (e.g. wineries that offer food service or host temporary restaurant events). Under the MoU, if the predominant activity (over 50% of sales) is food preparation for immediate consumption, then the local county health department licenses and inspects the facility. If the predominant activity is either retail sales, bakery, food processing, etc. then ODA licenses and inspects the facility. ODA retains authority over winery kitchen inspections because the predominant activity is retail sales rather than food processing. Consult these guidelines for more information:
Thanks to a joint effort by the OWA and our winegrower colleagues in CA and WA, in addition to the leadership of Oregon Senator Jeff Merkley, in March the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it intends to exercise enforcement discretion for the requirements of the Food Safety Modernization Act’s Produce Safety Rule as they apply to winegrowers. Enforcement discretion means, for all practical purposes, that winegrapes can be treated as rarely consumed raw like peanuts, potatoes, asparagus, etc. Winegrape growers therefore no longer need to seek the commercial processing exemption, meaning they do not need to issue a disclosure to their customers with each shipment that their wine grapes were “not processed to adequately reduce microorganisms of public health significance.” The FDA had previously announced enforcement discretion for a requirement requiring wineries to annually notify growers that the winegrapes received commercial processing. Wineries must still register biennially as a food facility with the FDA and must follow current good manufacturing practices under the Preventive Controls for Human Food Rule. Consult this overview prepared by Davis Wright Tremaine for more information, disregarding point 2 about the Produce Safety Rule since these requirements no longer apply.
SALES & MARKETING ACTIVITES
Senate Bill (SB) 841 from 2013 provides comprehensive land use rules for wineries located in exclusive farm use (EFU) or mixed farm-forest zones throughout Oregon. SB 841 clarifies marketing activities versus special events. Marketing activities that are permitted outright and have no limit include:
- Wine club activities
- Winemaker luncheons and dinners
- Winery and vineyard tours
- Meetings or business activities with winery suppliers, distributors, wholesale customers and wine-industry members
- Winery staff activities
- Open house promotions of wine produced in conjunction with the winery
- Similar activities conducted for the primary purpose of promoting wine produced in conjunction with the winery
- Hosting charitable events where no rental fee is charged
SB 841 defines special events as: “Outdoor concerts for which admission is charged, educational, cultural, health or lifestyle events, facility rentals, celebratory gatherings and other events at which the promotion of wine produced in conjunction with the winery is a secondary purpose of the event”. SB 841 allows up to 18 special event days per year, with county oversight for Willamette Valley wineries. There is no county oversight for the 18 special event days outside the Willamette Valley. Willamette Valley counties include Yamhill, Washington, Multnomah, Clackamas, Marion, Polk, Linn, Benton and Lane. In these counties:
- 1-6 event days: 5-year “license” issued by county; conditions on events can be required.
- 7-18 events: 5-year “permit” to ensure events don’t conflict with neighboring agriculture; permit is land use decision with appeal process allowed.
Oregon winery licensees are allowed to conduct certain offsite tastings/events at retail premises and are now able to provide limited advertising for certain tastings/events. In 2014 the OWA worked with OLCC and stakeholders to update its rules to respond to an enforcement action by the California ABC against wineries for retweeting a social media post mentioning a particular retailer. This activity would have presented a similar problem for wineries in Oregon due to strict laws around providing aid to retailers in the form of free advertising. Revised rules took effect Apr. 1, 2016, with impacts in three main areas:
1. Changes (for the better) to how tastings at retail will work;
2. A newly created type of consumer-facing event called a Promotional Event; and
3. Changes to the advertising rules that allow wineries to advertise their participation at tastings held on retail premises as well as advertise their participation in winemaker-dinner activities that fall under the OLCC’s newly created Promotional Events.
Tastings
- The tasting privileges for wineries are less restrictive under these revised rules. A winery may be on a particular retail premises up to 12 times per calendar year for a manufacturer tasting (previously a winery could attend only eight tastings at a given retail premises). And wineries may now advertise their participation in a tasting held at a retail premises (more on this below). At a manufacturer-conducted tasting, the winery (manufacturer) must provide all product to be served at the tasting as well as the staff to serve the product to consumers at the tasting.
- The revised rules clarify what constitutes a “retailer-conducted tasting.” In a retailer-conducted tasting, there may be no assistance from a winery or wholesaler whatsoever and the retailer may conduct an unlimited amount of such tastings. At a retailer-conducted tasting, all product served at the tasting must be provided by the retailer and there must be NO involvement by the manufacturer in any manner whatsoever.
Promotional Events
- The changes to these rules also create a new category of consumer-facing events called ‘Promotional Events.’ These are retailer hosted events for which the retailer may accept certain types of assistance from ‘suppliers’ (which includes manufacturers, wholesalers and their agents).
- These Promotional Events are defined as an event sponsored by a retailer at a retail licensed premises where the retailer is permitted to accept certain assistance from one or more suppliers. Examples include winemaker dinners, food and alcohol pairings, and product releases (this is a narrow exception to the usual financial assistance prohibitions found in Oregon law).
- A winery may be on a particular retail premises up to 12 times per calendar year for a Promotional Event.
- The retailer is responsible for all sale and service of alcohol beverages at the event, ensuring that all servers have valid OR service permits, ensuring that the supplier does not compensate the retailer (or its employees or agents) to participate in the event, and for ensuring that the supplier does not donate or sell at a discount any alcohol beverages used at the Promotional Event.
- At these Promotional Events the winery may provide education to patrons and retail staff about the products served at the event and they may provide staff to serve the alcohol beverages at the event (as long as they have a valid Oregon service permit).
- The winery may advertise its participation in such an event and may mention certain information about the retailer only to the extent detailed below.
Advertising
The changes to these rules have created privileges for supplier and retailer advertising for manufacturer conducted tastings and the newly created Promotional Events. However, please understand that this limited advertising exception applies only to these narrow circumstances; these changes do not give a winery the freedom to advertise any retailer who carries your product.
- A winery may include certain details about a retailer in a winery advertisement made only in conjunction with a manufacturer conducted tasting or with a winery’s participation in a Promotional Event held at a retail premises.
- The advertising may list no more than the retailer’s name and address, the date of the event, and the name of the winery’s product being featured at the event. No laudatory statements may be made about the retailer.
- The winery’s advertisements to this effect can be made/distributed through any media.
Keep in mind that all other laws and rules still apply to these advertisements (i.e. only advertise to an audience that is over the legal drinking age; don’t advertise over consumption; etc.).
A Special Event Winery Permit allows an Oregon winery licensee to sell wine or cider for consumption at a location other than the one(s) listed in its winery license. A Grower Sales Privilege Licensee may obtain a special events license, which allows the GSP to sell wine or cider at retail directly to consumers at a location other than the one(s) listed in its GSP license. An application and requirements can be found on OLCC's website.
TASTING ROOM COMPLIANCE
Service Permits
Oregon law requires training for any licensed business that wishes to serve alcohol. Both employees and owners must complete an education course on responsible alcohol service every 5 years. Servers must carry their license on them when pouring and serving alcohol. The Oregon Liquor Control Commission (OLCC) gives more information about service providers and training programs on their alcohol service page.
Minor Decoy Operations
The OLCC has been very clear that its top two safety priorities are to decrease sales to minors and to visibly intoxicated people. The PowerPoint on tasting room compliance give details on how to check for minors, recognize and react to those already visibly intoxicated, as well as customers bringing in their own alcohol.
Drinking on Duty
At the request of the OWA and other stakeholders, the OLCC recently amended its prohibited conduct rule to allow limited tastings of beer, wine or cider by employees of a licensed business to test the quality of the product to ensure it is not flawed or deteriorated. These tastings are limited to a maximum of one ounce per serving and a maximum of six ounces in total. More rules can be found in this notice released by the OLCC.
Wine growlers can be used for many reasons including convenience, cost savings, environmental considerations, wine variety and others. These 2 gallon or less, hard surfaced containers must have a secure closure and can be filled by your local market, bar, restaurant or tasting room. Filled growlers are subject to Oregon's open container laws and cannot be shipped.
If you play music (live, recorded, or streamed) for customers at your winery, even if you own copies of the songs, whether you downloaded the copy or created the digital copy yourself you must have the appropriate licenses. It may be a hassle to figure out what licensing structure is right for you, but getting caught without the necessary permissions means potentially severe penalties. Consult these Davis Wright Tremaine resources to understand your options:
- Music Licensing Webinar
- Music licensing PowerPoint
- Winery Music Handout
- Live performance agreement language
Some suggested facilities to obtain music licenses are provided below:
- Music Use at facility - SESAC
- Music Use at facility - BMI
- Music Use at facility - ASCAP
- Pandora for Business
- Soundtrack Your Brand
Wine America has helpful music licensing guidelines available for wineries.
If you are having issues with intrusive contact by SESAC, BMI or ASCAP please contact the OWA for assistance.
One of the provisions of the ADA requires that those with vision impairments have access to the same facilities as everyone else. We recommend that all wineries make sure their websites are accessible for those individuals with vision or other impairments. In order to correctly do this, we do recommend wineries consult both a lawyer and an ADA compliance professional. The regulations are not clear about what is actually legally required, but we recommend wineries follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
Issue
The ADA does not clearly discuss website access, but the act does make it illegal for any public or private entity to provide goods and services to the public that are not also accessible to individuals with disabilities. In the lawsuits regarding website access, the plaintiffs are claiming that disability-based discrimination that applies to a place of “public accommodation” also applies to a website that may also advertise to that same place.
The Justice Department under the Obama Administration had established guidelines for websites to be ADA compliant, however the Trump Administration withdrew those guidelines in December 2017. The Justice Department has recommended that websites follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) that will conform with the World Wide Web Consortium standards. The latest version of the WCAG can be found here: WCAG 2.1. Talk to your IT professional about compatibility. Additionally, this is not to be taken as legal advice, so please consult with your attorney as well. DWT has also hosted a webinar discussing ADA Compliance, you can view that here. They have also provided guidance.